Kelce S. Wilson
Research in Motion, Technical Director Dallas, TX, USA

Claudia Tapia Garcia
Research in Motion, Director, IP Policy Munich, Germany

Regarding licensing (including refusal to license), there are three classes of patent usage: (1) product differentiation, (2) income, and (3) cost avoidance. Coincidentally, there are also three levels of litigation quality: (1) business necessity, (2) managed risk, and (3) nuisance.